Descending pain inhibition is a key component of physiological and pathological pain
processing. 70 Various neurotransmitter systems underlie different descending pain …

Modulation of nociception allows animals to optimize chances of survival by adapting their
behaviour in different contexts. In mammals, this is executed by neurons from the brain and …

Background The efficiency of descending pain modulation, commonly assessed with the
conditioned pain modulation procedure, is diminished in patients with chronic pain. The …

Musculoskeletal pain is an extensive societal challenge, due to the large population
affected, an increased expected life span, and the lack of efficient prevention and treatment …

Increased vigilance in settings of potential threats or in states of vulnerability related to pain
is important for survival. Pain disrupts sleep and conversely, sleep disruption enhances …

Descending control of nociception (DCN; also known as conditioned pain modulation [CPM],
the behavioral correlate of diffuse noxious inhibitory controls) is the phenomenon whereby …

Processing spatially distributed nociceptive information is critical for survival. The
conditioned pain modulation (CPM) response has become a common psychophysical test to …

Top–down processing pathways modulate neuronal transmission at the level of the spinal
cord dorsal horn and thus govern, in part, the percept of pain. In health, these descending …

Bulbospinal pathways regulate nociceptive processing, and inhibitory modulation of
nociception can be achieved via the activity of diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNIC), a …

Conditioned pain modulation (CPM) refers to the “pain inhibits pain” phenomenon in which
a spatially remote noxious stimulus (conditioning stimulus [CS]) may change the perceived …