Epigenetic alternations concern heritable yet reversible changes in histone or DNA
modifications that regulate gene activity beyond the underlying sequence. Epigenetic …

Tumors display reprogrammed metabolic activities that promote cancer progression. We
currently possess a limited understanding of the processes governing tumor metabolism in …

Summary Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), a central regulator for detecting and adapting to
cellular oxygen levels, transcriptionally activates genes modulating oxygen homeostasis …

Diminished oxygen availability, termed hypoxia, within solid tumors is one of the most
common characteristics of cancer. Hypoxia shapes the landscape of the tumor …

N 6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification of mRNA plays a role in regulating embryonic stem
cell pluripotency. However, the physiological signals that determine the balance between …

Genetic drivers of cancer can be dysregulated through epigenetic modifications of DNA.
Although the critical role of DNA 5-methylcytosine (5mC) in the regulation of transcription is …

Intratumoral hypoxia is a common finding in breast cancer and is associated with a
significantly increased risk of metastasis and patient mortality. Hypoxia-inducible factors …

Extracellular vesicles such as exosomes and microvesicles (MVs) are shed by cancer cells,
are detected in the plasma of cancer patients, and promote cancer progression, but the …

Most human tumors are composed of genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous cancer
cell populations, which poses a major challenge for the clinical management of cancer …

The neuroendocrine tumours pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas carry the highest
degree of heritability in human neoplasms, enabling genetic alterations to be traced to …