Malignant gliomas are devastating tumours that frequently kill patients within 1 year of
diagnosis. The major obstacle to a cure is diffuse invasion, which enables tumours to …

The belief that the vertebrate brain functions normally without classical lymphatic drainage
vessels has been held for many decades. On the contrary, new findings show that functional …

1. The blood–brain barrier is essential for the maintenance and regulation of the neural
microenvironment. The main characteristic features of blood–brain barrier endothelial cells …

Astrocytes are the most numerous cell type in the central nervous system. They provide
structural, trophic, and metabolic support to neurons and modulate synaptic activity …

Brain function is inextricably coupled to water homeostasis. The fact that most of the volume
between neurons is occupied by glial cells, leaving only a narrow extracellular space …

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease that typically affects
optic nerves and spinal cord. Its pathogenic relationship to multiple sclerosis (MS) is …

This manuscript presents practical recommendations for managing acute attacks and
implementing preventive immunotherapies for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders …

Water homeostasis in the brain is of central physiologic and clinical importance. Neuronal
activity and ion water homeostasis are inextricably coupled. For example, the clearance of …

Glutamate excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and acidosis are primary mediators of neuronal
death during ischemia and reperfusion. Astrocytes influence these processes in several …

With the contribution from more than one hundred CNS neurotrauma experts, this book
provides a comprehensive and up-to-date account on the latest developments in the area of …