Modern societies are experiencing an increasing trend of reduced sleep duration, with
nocturnal sleeping time below the recommended ranges for health. Epidemiological and …

Interactions between the immune system and the nervous system have been described
mostly in the context of diseases. More recent studies have begun to reveal how certain …

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) family cytokines are key signaling molecules in both the innate and
adaptive immune systems, mediating inflammation in response to a wide range of stimuli …

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a central mediator of innate immunity and inflammation. The IL-1 family
includes seven ligands with agonist activity (IL-1α and IL-1β, IL-18, IL-33, IL-36α, IL-36β, IL …

The extracellular forms of the IL‐1 cytokines are active through binding to specific receptors
on the surface of target cells. IL‐1 ligands bind to the extracellular portion of their ligand …

Profound and debilitating fatigue is the most common complaint reported among individuals
with autoimmune disease, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, type 1 …

More than any other cytokine family, the IL-1 family of ligands and receptors is primarily
associated with acute and chronic inflammation. The cytosolic segment of each IL-1 receptor …

Abstract Interleukin (IL)-1 was first cloned in the 1980s, and rapidly emerged as a key player
in the regulation of inflammatory processes. The term IL-1 refers to two cytokines, IL-1α and …

IL‐37 is unique in the IL‐1 family in that unlike other members of the family, IL‐37 broadly
suppresses innate immunity. IL‐37 can be elevated in humans with inflammatory and …

The concept of the CNS as an immune-privileged organ has led to a common
misunderstanding that it is not an active immunological organ, guarded from its …