Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a neuropeptide with diverse physiological
functions. Its two isoforms (α and β) are widely expressed throughout the body in sensory …

Copper is an essential element in cells; it can act as either a recipient or a donor of
electrons, participating in various reactions. However, an excess of copper ions in cells is …

Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid), the antiscorbutic vitamin, cannot be synthesized by humans and
other primates, and has to be obtained from diet. Ascorbic acid is an electron donor and acts …

Vitamin C is essential to prevent scurvy in humans and is implicated in the primary
prevention of common and complex diseases such as coronary heart disease, stroke, and …

We describe a hypothalamus-specific mRNA that encodes preprohypocretin, the putative
precursor of a pair of peptides that share substantial amino acid identities with the gut …

Vitamin C in humans must be ingested for survival. Vitamin C is an electron donor, and this
property accounts for all its known functions. As an electron donor, vitamin C is a potent …

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a 38-amino acid C-terminally
α-amidated peptide that was first isolated 20 years ago from an ovine hypothalamic extract …

Neuropeptides are signaling molecules that commonly act via G protein-coupled receptors
(GPCRs) and are generated in neurons by proneuropeptide (pNP) cleavage. Present in both …

This Review summarizes recent advances in understanding copper-transporting ATPase 1
(ATP7A), and examines the neurological phenotypes associated with dysfunction of this …

Peptide hormones and their receptors are widespread in metazoans, but the knowledge we
have of their evolutionary relationships remains unclear. Recently, accumulating genome …