Nanoscale objects, whether of biologic origin or synthetically created, are being developed
into devices for a variety of bionanotechnology diagnostic and pharmaceutical applications …

Leishmaniasis continues to pose a major public health problem worldwide. With new
epidemics occurring in endemic areas and the spread of the disease to previously free …

In the design of vaccine generation, significant attempts have been made to produce novel
vaccines and, as well, to increase the effectiveness of available vaccines versus particular …

During the past two decades, the clinical use of biopharmaceutical products has markedly
increased because of their obvious advantages over conventional small-molecule drug …

Leishmaniasis remains a public health problem worldwide, affecting approximately 12
million people in 88 countries; 50 000 die of it each year. The disease is caused by …

Leishmaniasis, a vector-borne disease caused by obligate intramacrophage protozoa,
threatens 350 million people in 98 countries around the world. There are already 12 million …

The study of neglected diseases has not received much attention, especially from public and
private institutions over the last years, in terms of strong support for developing treatment for …

Mucosal sites serve as the main portal for the entry of pathogens and thus immunization
through mucosal routes can greatly improve the immunity. Researchers are continuously …

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a global public health issue. Conventional treatments have
substantial costs, side effects, and parasite resistance. Due to easy application and …

Vaccination is the most cost-effective and sustainable way to prevent and eliminate
infectious diseases. Compared with traditional vaccines, novel vaccines have better stability …