The plant hormone group, the cytokinins, is implicated in both qualitative and quantitative
components of yield. Cytokinins have opposing actions in shoot and root growth—actions …

Expansion of the human population demands a significant increase in cereal production.
The main component of cereal grains is endosperm, a body of starchy endosperm (SE) cells …

Barley is one of the most important cereals, which is used for breweries, animal and human
feeds. Genetic manipulation of plant hormone cytokinins may influence several …

Barley has had an interesting history. It is thought to be the first crop domesticated and
developed as the staple food for the earliest farmers. It has remained an important food in …

There has been a dramatic evolutionary shift in the polysaccharide composition of cell walls
in the grasses, with increases in arabinoxylans and (1, 3; 1, 4)-β-glucans and decreases in …

Starch is synthesized in the endosperm of developing barley grain, where it functions as the
primary source of stored carbohydrate. In germinated grain these starch reserves are …

Abstract Nuclear factor Y (NF-Y) is a heterotrimeric transcription factor that consists of three
subunits, NF-YA, NF-YB, and NF-YC. Gene functions of NF-Ys during endosperm …

The aleurone is a critical component of the cereal seed and is located at the periphery of the
starchy endosperm. During germination, the aleurone is responsible for releasing hydrolytic …

Grasses and related commelinid monocot species synthesize cell walls distinct in
composition from other angiosperm species. With few exceptions, the genomes of all …

The distinct functions of individual cell types require cells to express specific sets of genes.
The germinating seed is an excellent model to study genome regulation between cell types …