Cerebellar research has focused principally on adult motor function. However, the
cerebellum also maintains abundant connections with nonmotor brain regions throughout …

The development of the mammalian cerebellum is orchestrated by both cell-autonomous
programs and inductive environmental influences. Here, we describe the main processes of …

Some birds achieve primate-like levels of cognition, even though their brains tend to be
much smaller in absolute size. This poses a fundamental problem in comparative and …

A general model of neural development is derived to fit 18 mammalian species, including
humans, macaques, several rodent species, and six metatherian (marsupial) mammals. The …

Neuroscientists have become used to a number of “facts” about the human brain: It has 100
billion neurons and 10-to 50-fold more glial cells; it is the largest-than-expected for its body …

The human brain has often been viewed as outstanding among mammalian brains: the most
cognitively able, the largest-than-expected from body size, endowed with an overdeveloped …

The tremendous expansion and the differentiation of the neocortex constitute two major
events in the evolution of the mammalian brain. The increase in size and complexity of our …

Sexual and asexual reproduction are found throughout the plant and animal kingdoms.
Asexual reproduction has its advantages, chief among which is that it does not require the …

Despite considerable current interest in the evolution of intelligence, the intuitively appealing
notion that brain volume and “intelligence” are linked remains untested. Here, we use …

Unesterified cholesterol is an essential structural component of the plasma membrane of
every cell. During evolution, this membrane came to play an additional, highly specialized …