Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have successfully mapped thousands of loci
associated with complex traits. These associations could reveal the molecular mechanisms …

Causal inference is essential across the biomedical, behavioural and social sciences. By
progressing from confounded statistical associations to evidence of causal relationships …

Abstract Lipoprotein (a)[Lp (a)] is a well-recognized, independent risk factor for
atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, with elevated levels estimated to be prevalent in …

Importance Although dyslipidemia has been consistently shown to be associated with
atherogenesis, an association between obesity and cardiovascular disease outcomes …

Background Large blood-based prospective studies can provide reliable assessment of the
complex interplay of lifestyle, environmental and genetic factors as determinants of chronic …

The Dyslexia Debate examines how we use the term" dyslexia" and questions its efficacy as
a diagnosis. While many believe that a diagnosis of dyslexia will shed light on a reader's …

Primary liver cancer, which consists predominantly of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is
the fifth most common cancer worldwide and the third most common cause of cancer …

This sixth edition of A Dictionary of Epidemiology--the most updated since its inception--
reflects the profound substantive and methodological changes that have come to …

Human epidemiologic and genetic evidence using the Mendelian randomization approach
in large-scale studies now strongly supports that elevated lipoprotein (a)[Lp (a)] is a causal …

In epidemiological research, the causal effect of a modifiable phenotype or exposure on a
disease is often of public health interest. Randomized controlled trials to investigate this …