Artificial refuges are human‐made structures that aim to create safe places for animals to
breed, hibernate, or take shelter in lieu of natural refuges. Artificial refuges are used across …

A key challenge of the coming decades is increasing agricultural productivity while
maintaining environments that optimize ecosystem service provisioning. Crop pests are a …

Abstract Declines in American Kestrel (Falco sparverius) populations are widely reported,
and Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data suggest that the North American population declined …

Across much of North America, populations of American Kestrels (Falco sparverius) have
been in decline for decades (Farmer et al. 2008, Farmer and Smith 2009, Smallwood et al …

Modernization of urban buildings can decrease the availability of nesting sites in buildings,
leading to sudden decreases in the density of avifauna. In this study, we investigated the use …

Tree‐cavity‐dependent wildlife faces future shortages of cavities due to a decline in the
abundance of large, old trees in many parts of the world. Nest boxes are proposed as a tool …

Despite common use, the efficacy of artificial breeding sites (eg, nest boxes, bat houses,
artificial burrows) as tools for monitoring and managing animals depends on the …

Demographic differences between stable and declining populations can lend insight into
drivers of population decline. The American Kestrel Falco sparverius is a widespread and …

Abstract We monitored American Kestrels (Falco sparverius) nesting in boxes from 1986–
2006 in southwestern Idaho. The number of boxes available to kestrels each year varied …

Recently, artificial shelters have been proposed as a novel tool to monitor Hellbenders
(Cryptobranchus alleganiensis) and other cryptobranchid salamanders. Factors that …