Genetic studies in animals and humans indicate that gene mutations that functionally perturb
transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling are linked to specific hereditary vascular …

Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia, inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, affects
approximately 1 in 5000 people. The abnormal vascular structures in HHT result from …

Aberrant neovascularization contributes to diseases such as cancer, blindness and
atherosclerosis, and is the consequence of inappropriate angiogenic signalling. Although …

Vascular networks form, remodel, and mature under the influence of both fluid shear stress
(FSS) and soluble factors. Physiological FSS promotes and maintains vascular stability via …

Members of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family play pivotal roles in
development and disease. These cytokines elicit their pleiotropic effects on cells, including …

Activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1) is an endothelial-specific member of the TGF-β/BMP
receptor family that is inactivated in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia …

There are two vascular networks in mammals that coordinately function as the main supply
and drainage systems of the body. The blood vasculature carries oxygen, nutrients …

The hierarchical organization of properly sized blood vessels ensures the correct distribution
of blood to all organs of the body, and is controlled via haemodynamic cues. In current …

Endoglin (CD105) is an accessory receptor for transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and
its expression is up-regulated in actively proliferating endothelial cells. Endoglin has been …

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are members of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-
β) family that signal via type I and type II serine/threonine kinase receptors and intracellular …