Maternal and paternal factors influence offspring development and program its genome for
successful postnatal life. Based on the stressors during gestation, the pregnant female …

Although now believed to be two distinct disorders, autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and
schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) share multiple phenotypic similarities and risk …

In the present article the putative role of environmental factors in schizophrenia is reviewed
and synthesized. Accumulating evidence from recent studies suggests that environmental …

Small size at birth is linked with an increased risk of chronic diseases in later life. Poor
maternal nutrition during gestation may contribute to restricted fetal growth, leading to …

An increasing body of evidence suggests that poor nutrition at the very beginning of life–
even before birth–leads to large and long term negative consequences for both mental and …

Objective Maternal undernutrition during gestation is associated with increased metabolic
and cardiovascular disease in the offspring. We investigated whether these effects may …

We review human studies on the relation between acute exposures to prenatal famine and
adult physical and mental health. These studies are observational and include exposures to …

Purpose The Dutch famine birth cohort study was set up to investigate the effects of acute
maternal undernutrition of the 1944–1945 Dutch famine during the specific stages of …

At the end of World War II, a severe 5-mo famine struck the cities in the western part of The
Netherlands. At its peak, the rations dropped to as low as 400 calories per day. In 1972 …

The concept of fetal programming states that changes in the fetal environment during
sensitive periods of organ development may cause long-lasting changes in the structure and …