Sources of organic molecules on the early Earth divide into three categories: delivery by
extraterrestrial objects; organic synthesis driven by impact shocks; and organic synthesis by …

An understanding of the structure and composition of the giant planets is rapidly evolving
because of (i) high-pressure experiments with the ability to study metallic hydrogen and …

The evolution of the giant planets is calculated under the general hypothesis that the solid
cores formed first, by accretion of small particles, and that these cores later gravitationally …

Context. We investigate the grain opacity κ gr in the atmosphere (outer radiative zone) of
forming planets. This is important for the observed planetary mass-radius relationship since …

The Voyager 2 encounter with the Neptune system included radio science investigations of
the masses and densities of Neptune and Triton, the low-order gravitational harmonics of …

The ice giants Uranus and Neptune are the least understood class of planets in our solar
system but the most frequently observed type of exoplanets. Presumed to have a small rocky …

Elemental abundances in Jupiter determined from Galileo probe measurements are
compared to recently revised solar system abundances. When normalized to the abundance …

We consider 50 transiting short-period giant planets for which eclipse depths have been
measured at multiple infrared wavelengths. The aggregate dayside emission spectrum of …

We present models of Jupiter, Saturn, and Uranus which exactly match recent accurate
determinations of these planets' gravitational harmonics. The models are computed to third …

We compute the interaction of planetesimals with the envelopes of growing giant planets
that form by the “core-instability” mechanism. According to this mechanism, a core grows by …