Migraine is a common, multifactorial, disabling, recurrent, hereditary neurovascular
headache disorder. It usually strikes sufferers a few times per year in childhood and then …

Spreading depression (SD) is a transient wave of near-complete neuronal and glial
depolarization associated with massive transmembrane ionic and water shifts. It is …

Cortical spreading depression (CSD), a slowly propagated wave of depolarization followed
by suppression of brain activity, is a remarkably complex event that involves dramatic …

Cortical spreading depression (CSD) is a propagating wave of neuronal and glial
depolarization and has been implicated in disorders of neurovascular regulation such as …

Since its original extensive description by Leao in 1944, thousands of publications have
characterized the phenomenon of cortical spreading depression (CSD). Despite the …

Objective Delayed ischemic neurological deficit (DIND) contributes to poor outcome in
subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients. Because there is continuing uncertainty as to …

Our understanding of migraine pathophysiology is a work in progress. As more is learned
about migraine, it seems that the probability of identifying a single unifying explanation for …

Recurrent episodes of transient focal neurologic symptoms, known as aura, occur in
association with migraine headache in about 11.9 million people in the United States. At …

There has been a rapid increase in the amount of information on the physiological and
pathophysiological roles of nitric oxide (NO) in the brain. This molecule, which is formed by …

Our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of migraine remains poor despite
the availability of clinically effective drugs and many years of research. Historically, two …