It is an urgent need that defect repair can develop from simple device fixation to living tissue
reconstruction, from short life function replacement to permanent regeneration repair. At …

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most commonly used materials in the biomedical sector
because of its processability, mechanical properties and biocompatibility. Among the …

Electrical stimulation was constrained in commonly requiring a complicated wiring and
external power source, despite its ability in modulating cellular functions in tissue repair …

Exosomes, small extracellular vesicles that function as a key regulator of cell-to-cell
communication, are emerging as a promising candidate for bone regeneration. Here, we …

Bone tissue engineering has emerged as a promising strategy to overcome the limitations of
current treatments for bone-related disorders, but the trade-off between mechanical …

Bone defect disease causes damage to people's lives and property, and how to effectively
promote bone regeneration is still a big clinical challenge. Most of the current repair …

The immune system mediates inflammation, vascularization and the first response to injuries
or implanted biomaterials. Although the function of neutrophils in tissue repair has been …

Macrophages perform multiple functions in both inflammation and wound healing, and are
one of the fore front cells during implant osseointegration that influence subsequent process …

Bone defects caused by bone trauma, infection, surgery, or other systemic diseases remain
a severe challenge for the medical field. To address this clinical problem, different hydrogels …

Critical-size long bone defects represent one of the major causes of fracture non-union and
remain a significant challenge in orthopaedic surgery. Two-stage procedures such as a …