Hypersaline brines are of growing environmental concern. While high-salinity desalination
and zero liquid discharge (ZLD) are increasingly attractive treatment options, the high salt …

The worldwide demand for lithium has greatly increased with the rapid development of
industries especially for lithium-ion battery. As the global potential resource, salt-lake brine …

Over the past few decades, the demand for lithium resources has increased significantly with
the rapid development and extensive application of lithium-ion batteries. Extracting lithium …

Conventional active seawater evaporation technologies, that is, they include components
with mechanical moving parts, generally involve large plants with high capital and operating …

Membrane distillation (MD) technology has been mainly used as a treatment method for
saline or contaminated wastewater. Despite the rapid progress in material engineering and …

Reverse osmosis (RO) membrane technology is one of the most important technologies for
water treatment. However, membrane fouling is an inevitable issue. Membrane fouling leads …

Water resources are becoming scarce meaning that reuse options are receiving more and
more attention. In this perspective, zero-liquid discharge (ZLD) is considered as an …

Providing clean water to a rapidly growing population is an issue that is currently getting lots
of attention to offer a sustainable solution for water scarcity. Membrane distillation (MD) is …

Reverse Osmosis (RO) is becoming increasingly popular for seawater desalination and
wastewater reclamation. However, fouling of the membranes adversely impacts the overall …

This comprehensive review delves into the forefront of wastewater treatment technology,
with a specific focus on the revolutionary concept of Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD).(ZLD) …