Cancer immune evasion is a major stumbling block in designing effective anticancer
therapeutic strategies. Although considerable progress has been made in understanding …

Highlights•Tumor immune escape compromises the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.•Loss
of MHC class I expression is a frequent event in cancer cells.•Three tumor phenotypes …

Vaccination was first pioneered in the 18th century by Edward Jenner and eventually led to
the development of the smallpox vaccine and subsequently the eradication of smallpox. The …

The implementation of immune checkpoint inhibitors to the oncology clinic signified a new
era in cancer treatment. After the first indication of melanoma, an increasing list of additional …

Conditional gene expression has greatly facilitated the examination of the functions of
particular gene products. Using the Cre/lox P switching expression system, we plan to …

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has revolutionized the treatment of cancer patients. The
main focus of ICB has been on reinvigorating the adaptive immune response, namely …

Natural killer T (NKT) cells are a subset of CD1d-restricted T cells at the interface between
the innate and adaptive immune system. NKT cells can be subdivided into functional …

In recent years, roles of the immune system in immune surveillance of cancer have been
explored using a variety of approaches. The roles of the adaptive immune system have been …

Natural killer cells can discriminate between normal cells and cells that do not express
adequate amounts of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. The …

A man dies because his body has rejected a heart transplant; a woman is crippled by
rheumatoid arthritis; a child goes into a coma that is brought on by cerebral malaria; another …