To live or to die? This crucial question eloquently reflects the dual role of Ca2+ in living
organisms–survival factor or ruthless killer. It has long been known that Ca2+ signals govern …

Insulin signaling in central nervous system (CNS) has emerged as a novel field of research
since decreased brain insulin levels and/or signaling were associated to impaired learning …

Adaptation is one of physiology's fundamental tenets, operating not only at the level of
species, as Darwin proposed, but also at the level of tissues, cells, molecules and, perhaps …

Neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are composed of abnormal aggregates of the cytoskeletal
protein tau. Together with amyloid β (Aβ) plaques and neuronal and synaptic loss, NFTs …

Caspase activation has been frequently viewed as synonymous with apoptotic cell death;
however, caspases can also contribute to processes that do not culminate in cell demise …

Heat shock cognate protein 70 (HSC70) is a constitutively expressed molecular chaperone
which belongs to the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) family. HSC70 shares some of the …

Acute neurological conditions such as cerebrovascular diseases and trauma are associated
with irreversible loss of neurons and glial cells. Severe or prolonged injury results in …

There is significant evidence that the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases,
including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA), multiple …

Objective To assess the effects of sevoflurane, the most commonly used inhalation
anesthetic, on apoptosis and β-amyloid protein (Aβ) levels in vitro and in vivo. Subjects …

Ischemic tolerance describes the adaptive biological response of cells and organs that is
initiated by preconditioning (ie, exposure to stressor of mild severity) and the associated …