We summarize our current knowledge of neutron-star masses and radii. Recent
instrumentation and computational advances have resulted in a rapid increase in the …

We investigate how current and proposed observations of neutron stars can lead to an
understanding of the state of their interiors and the key unknowns: the typical neutron star …

We present the set of deep Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) X-ray timing
observations of the nearby rotation-powered millisecond pulsars PSRs J0437− 4715 …

The structure of neutron stars is considered from theoretical and observational perspectives.
We demonstrate an important aspect of neutron star structure: the neutron star radius is …

▪ Abstract Observation of cooling neutron stars can potentially provide information about the
states of matter at supernuclear densities. We review physical properties important for …

We review the main neutrino emission mechanisms in neutron star crusts and cores. Among
them are the well-known reactions such as the electron–positron annihilation, plasmon …

A new classification of neutron star cooling scenarios, involving either" minimal" cooling or"
enhanced" cooling, is proposed. The minimal cooling scenario replaces and extends the so …

The cooling of a compact star depends very sensitively on the state of matter at supranuclear
densities, which essentially controls the neutrino emission, as well as on the structure of the …

The equation of state (EOS) of dense matter plays an important role in the supernova
phenomenon, the structure of neutron stars, and in the mergers of compact objects (neutron …

We have used a Monte Carlo simulation of a Polar Cap (PC) model of gamma-ray pulsars to
estimate light curves and phase-resolved spectra for sources whose rotational and magnetic …