Monoclonal antibodies constitute a promising class of targeted anticancer agents that
enhance natural immune system functions to suppress cancer cell activity and eliminate …

Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) are antibodies with two binding sites directed at two different
antigens or two different epitopes on the same antigen. The clinical therapeutic effects of …

Today, bio-medical efforts are entering the subcellular level, which is witnessed with the fast-
developing fields of nanomedicine, nanodiagnostics and nanotherapy in conjunction with …

Antibodies and antibody-derived macromolecules have established themselves as the
mainstay in protein-based therapeutic molecules (biologics). Our knowledge of the structure …

The high selectivity and affinity of antibodies toward their antigens have made them a highly
valuable tool in disease therapy, diagnosis, and basic research. A plethora of chemical and …

SARS-CoV-2 enters host cells through an interaction between the spike glycoprotein and
the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. Directly preventing this interaction …

Modulation of the biochemical composition of the tumour microenvironment is a new frontier
of cancer therapy. Several immunosuppressive mechanisms operate in the milieu of most …

Inflammation-associated diseases encompass a range of infectious diseases and non-
infectious inflammatory diseases, which continuously pose one of the most serious threats to …

Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy is the result of combining genetic
engineering-based cancer immunotherapy with adoptive cell therapy (ACT). CAR-T therapy …

Checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized cancer therapy but only work in a subset of
patients and can lead to a multitude of toxicities, suggesting the need for more targeted …