The gastrointestinal (GI) tract plays an essential role in food digestion, absorption, and the
mucosal immune system; it is also inhabited by a huge range of microbes. The GI tract is …

Mounting evidence highlights the pivotal role of enteric microbes as a dynamic interface with
the host. Indeed, the gut microbiota, located in the lumen of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract …

Background The intestinal microbiota plays an important role in regulating gastrointestinal
(GI) physiology in part through interactions with the enteric nervous system (ENS) …

The enteric nervous system (ENS) is derived from both the vagal and sacral component of
the neural crest (NC). Here, we present the derivation of sacral ENS precursors from human …

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are recognized as central neurodevelopmental disorders
diagnosed by impairments in social interactions, communication and repetitive behaviours …

Infants and young children receive the highest exposures to antibiotics globally. Although
there is building evidence that early life exposure to antibiotics increases susceptibility to …

The human gut microbiota is a complex, dynamic, and highly diverse community of
microorganisms. Beginning as early as in utero fetal development and continuing through …

Interactions between the enteric nervous system (ENS), immune system, and gut microbiota
regulate intestinal homeostasis in adults, but their development and role (s) in early life are …

During embryonic development, the gut is innervated by intrinsic (enteric) and extrinsic
nerves. Focusing on mammalian ENS development, in this Review we highlight how …

Recent studies on humans and their key experimental model, the mouse, have begun to
uncover the importance of gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota and enteric nervous system (ENS) …