Macrophages play a crucial role in innate and adaptative immunity in response to
microorganisms and are an important cellular target during HIV-1 infection. Recently, the …

The human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) is a member of the lentivirus genus. The virus
does not rely exclusively on the host cell machinery, but also on viral proteins that act as …

A main feature of HIV infection is the expression of several proinflammatory cytokines.
Proinflammatory cytokines expressed as soluble factors or membrane-bound molecules …

The chemokines and their receptors have been receiving exceptional attention in recent
years following the discoveries that some chemokines could specifically block human …

CCR5 is a chemokine receptor expressed on leukocytes and a coreceptor used by HIV-1 to
enter CD4+ T lymphocytes and macrophages. Stimulation of CCR5 by chemokines triggers …

Macrophages are infected early during HIV infection and are thought to play the role of a
Trojan horse by spreading infection in tissues. Most recent studies point out to a more …

We investigated the effect of IL-10 on replication of primary CXCR4-dependent (X4) HIV-1
strains by monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages (MΦs). MΦs efficiently …

Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) is known to be less pathogenic than HIV-1.
However, the mechanism (s) underlying the decreased HIV-2 pathogenicity is not fully …

Development of specifically labeled chemokines that retain their biological properties should
be useful for analyzing their mechanisms of action both under physiological and …

Infection and entry of CD4+ cells by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) requires a
coreceptor molecule, which, in concert with CD4, interacts with the viral envelope …