4D printing of shape memory polymer composites: A review on fabrication techniques, applications, and future perspectives

MY Khalid, ZU Arif, R Noroozi, A Zolfagharian… - Journal of Manufacturing …, 2022 - Elsevier
In recent years, there has been rising interest in additively manufactured shape memory
polymers (SMPs) and their multi-functional composites. Four-dimensional (4D) printing is an …

Active materials for functional origami

S Leanza, S Wu, X Sun, HJ Qi, RR Zhao - Advanced Materials, 2024 - Wiley Online Library
In recent decades, origami has been explored to aid in the design of engineering structures.
These structures span multiple scales and have been demonstrated to be used toward …

Mechanically robust and UV‐curable shape‐memory polymers for digital light processing based 4D printing

B Zhang, H Li, J Cheng, H Ye, AH Sakhaei… - Advanced …, 2021 - Wiley Online Library
Abstract 4D printing is an emerging fabrication technology that enables 3D printed structures
to change configuration over “time” in response to an environmental stimulus. Compared …

Direct ink writing based 4D printing of materials and their applications

X Wan, L Luo, Y Liu, J Leng - Advanced Science, 2020 - Wiley Online Library
Abstract 4D printing has attracted academic interest in the recent years because it endows
static printed structures with dynamic properties with the change of time. The shapes …

Additive manufacturing—A review of 4D printing and future applications

A Mitchell, U Lafont, M Hołyńska… - Additive Manufacturing, 2018 - Elsevier
Abstract 3D printing will revolutionize the manufacturing industry. Significant advances in
computer aided design, additive manufacturing and materials science have opened up the …

Soft shape-programmable surfaces by fast electromagnetic actuation of liquid metal networks

X Ni, H Luan, JT Kim, SI Rogge, Y Bai, JW Kwak… - Nature …, 2022 - nature.com
Low modulus materials that can shape-morph into different three-dimensional (3D)
configurations in response to external stimuli have wide-ranging applications in …

Four-dimensional printing of liquid crystal elastomers

CP Ambulo, JJ Burroughs, JM Boothby… - … applied materials & …, 2017 - ACS Publications
Three-dimensional structures capable of reversible changes in shape, ie, four-dimensional-
printed structures, may enable new generations of soft robotics, implantable medical …

4D-Printable liquid metal–liquid crystal elastomer composites

CP Ambulo, MJ Ford, K Searles, C Majidi… - ACS applied materials …, 2020 - ACS Publications
Soft actuators that undergo programmable shape change in response to a stimulus are
enabling components of future soft robots and other soft machines. Strategies to power …

An overview of novel actuators for soft robotics

P Boyraz, G Runge, A Raatz - Actuators, 2018 - mdpi.com
In this systematic survey, an overview of non-conventional actuators particularly used in soft-
robotics is presented. The review is performed by using well-defined performance criteria …

Shape memory polymers for composites

T Mu, L Liu, X Lan, Y Liu, J Leng - Composites Science and Technology, 2018 - Elsevier
Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are a class of active, deformable materials that can switch
between a temporary shape, which can be freely designed, and their original shape. With …