The MAP kinase signaling cascade Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK has been involved in a large variety
of cellular and physiological processes that are crucial for life. Many pathological situations …

The RAS-ERK pathway is a fundamental signaling cascade crucial for many biological
processes including proliferation, cell cycle control, growth, and survival; common across all …

Circulating lactate levels are a critical biomarker for sepsis and are positively correlated with
sepsis-associated mortality. We investigated whether lactate plays a biological role in …

Transcriptome analysis of adult hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and their progeny has
revealed mechanisms of blood differentiation and leukemogenesis, but a similar analysis of …

Pathogenic mycobacteria have the ability to survive within macrophages and persist inside
granulomas. The complex host–pathogen interactions that determine the outcome of a …

Morphine is one of the analgesics used most to treat chronic pain, although its long-term
administration produces tolerance and dependence through neuronal plasticity. The ability …

Isofraxidin (IF) is a Coumarin compound that can be isolated from medicinal plants, such as
Sarcandra glabra (Thunb.). Nakai is widely used in Asian countries for the treatment of anti …

Glucocorticoids regulate a plethora of physiological processes, and are widely used
clinically as anti-inflammatory drugs. Their effects are mediated by the glucocorticoid …

Background The mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) family pathway is implicated in
diverse cellular processes and pathways essential to most organisms. Its evolution is …

Zebrafish have the remarkable ability to regenerate body parts including the heart and fins
by a process referred to as epimorphic regeneration. Recent studies have illustrated that …