Abstract The TFOS DEWS II Pathophysiology Subcommittee reviewed the mechanisms
involved in the initiation and perpetuation of dry eye disease. Its central mechanism is …

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) survey intra-and extracellular spaces for pathogen-
associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) within microbial products of infection. Recognition …

COVID-19 affects millions of patients worldwide, with clinical presentation ranging from
isolated thrombosis to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) requiring ventilator …

The tuberculosis vaccine bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) protects against some
heterologous infections, probably via induction of non-specific innate immune memory in …

Unusually for a viral infection, the immunological phenotype of severe COVID-19 is
characterised by a depleted lymphocyte and elevated neutrophil count, with the neutrophil …

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), a web-like structures containing chromatin, have a
significant role in assisting the capture and killing of microorganisms by neutrophils during …

COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus, emerged as a pandemic disease posing a severe
threat to global health. To date, sporadic studies have demonstrated that innate immune …

Neutrophils or polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) are key participants in the innate
immune response for their ability to execute different effector functions. These cells express …

Neutrophils are the major circulating white blood cells in humans. They play an essential
role in host defense against pathogens. In healthy individuals, circulating neutrophils are in …

The efficacy of nano-mediated drug delivery has been impeded by multiple biological
barriers such as the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS), as well as vascular and …