Drug addiction has been conceptualized as a chronically relapsing disorder of compulsive
drug seeking and taking that progresses through three stages: binge/intoxication …

Drug addiction can be defined by a three-stage cycle–binge/intoxication,
withdrawal/negative affect, and preoccupation/anticipation–that involves allostatic changes …

We present a brief overview of the incentive sensitization theory of addiction. This posits that
addiction is caused primarily by drug-induced sensitization in the brain mesocorticolimbic …

Drug addiction is a neuropsychiatric disorder with grave personal consequences that has an
extraordinary global economic impact. Despite decades of research, the options available to …

This review provides a neuroadaptive perspective regarding the role of the hormonal and
brain stress systems in drug addiction with a focus on the changes that occur during the …

In our target article, we proposed that addiction could be envisioned as misperformance of a
decision-making machinery described by two systems (deliberative and habit systems) …

Background The orexin (hypocretin) system is important for reward-driven motivation but has
not been implicated in the expression of a multiphenotype addicted state. Methods Rats …

The mesolimbic reward pathway is implicated in stress-related psychiatric disorders and is a
potential target of plasticity underlying the stress resistance produced by repeated voluntary …

Background Several theories propose alternative explanations for drug addiction. Objectives
We propose a general theory of transition to addiction that synthesizes knowledge …

Drug addiction can be defined by a compulsion to seek and take drug, loss of control in
limiting intake, and the emergence of a negative emotional state when access to the drug is …