Since the first formal description of Parkinson disease (PD) two centuries ago, our
understanding of this common neurodegenerative disorder has expanded at all levels of …

Animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD) have proved highly effective in the discovery of
novel treatments for motor symptoms of PD and in the search for clues to the underlying …

Our understanding of the organization of the basal ganglia has advanced markedly over the
last 10 years, mainly due to increased knowledge of their anatomical, neurochemical and …

In Parkinson's disease patients pathology follows a characteristic pattern involving inter alia
the enteric nervous system, the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, the intermediolateral …

Animal models are important tools in experimental medical science to better understand
pathogenesis of human diseases. Once developed, these models can be exploited to test …

Recent anatomical, physiological and computer modeling studies have revealed that
oscillatory processes at the levels of single neurons and neuronal networks in the …

Abstract L-DOPA (l-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) remains the most effective drug for the
treatment of Parkinson's disease. However, chronic use causes dyskinesia, a complex motor …

Parkinsonism is a progressive motor disease that affects 1.5 million Americans and is the
second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's. Typical …

The demonstration that dopamine loss is the key pathological feature of Parkinson's disease
(PD), and the subsequent introduction of levodopa have revolutionalized the field of PD …

Abstract THE GLOBAL IMPROVEMENT of all parkinsonian symptoms after stereotactic
pallidotomy has been demonstrated by Leksell. Recently, Laitinen, reevaluating this target in …