Drug use represents a significant burden to public health through disease, disability and
social problems, and policy makers are becoming increasingly interested in how to develop …

This article describes the results of a systematic review of drug law enforcement evaluations.
The authors describe the search procedures and document the results in five main …

This Article discusses the deterrence of crime through sanctions. It begins with a brief
intellectual history of deterrence theory in the work of Cesare Beccaria and Jeremy …

Evidence for a substantial deterrent effect is much firmer than it was two decades ago.
However, large gaps in knowledge on the links between policy actions and behavior make it …

The authors review research on police effectiveness in reducing crime, disorder, and fear in
the context of a typology of innovation in police practices. That typology emphasizes two …

Police crackdowns are sudden increases in officer presence, sanctions, and threats of
apprehension either for specific offenses or for all offenses in specific places. Of eighteen …

Over the past decade, problem‐oriented policing has become a central strategy for policing.
In a number of studies, problem‐oriented policing has been found to be effective in reducing …

Both those who study crime and those who fight it agree that crime is not spread evenly
across city landscapes. Rather, clusters of crime--a few" hot spots"--host a vastly …

Deterrence is at the heart of the preventive aspiration of criminal justice. Deterrence,
whether through preventive patrol by police officers or stiff prison sentences for violent …

The goal of this book is to prepare readers to apply the optimal control theory to nonlinear
processes beyond the standard applications. The examples investigated in depth are drawn …