4.2. Effectiveness of activation 4.3. Multimodal input 4.4. Shared input 5. Functional
subdivision 6. Interneuronal selection 6.1. Modulation of sensitivity of receptors 6.2. Gating …

Fifty years ago CAG Wiersma established that the giant axons of the crayfish nerve cord
drive tail-flip escape responses. The circuitry that includes these giant neurons has now …

1. The central control of sensory inputs from a proprioceptor [chordotonal organ (CO)] in the
second joint [coxo-basipodite (CB)] of the fifth leg was studied in crayfish in vitro …

Conclusion Presynaptic inhibition is a widespread mechanism among invertebrates and its
study has developed quite independently from that which has occurred in vertebrates …

1. Ultrastructural examination of the central terminals of sensory afferent neurons in both
invertebrates and vertebrates demonstrates that the synapses that form the substrate for …

The pressure of our own finger on the arm feels differently than the same pressure exerted
by an external agent: the latter involves just touch, whereas the former involves a …

This article reviews the principles that rule the organization of motor commands that have
been described over the past five decades in crayfish. The adaptation of motor behaviors …

Crayfish are equipped with two prominent neural circuits that control rapid, stereotyped
escape behaviors. Central to these circuits are bilateral pairs of giant neurons that …

Invertebrates are not 'simple animals', but they are indeed masters of economy: their small
nervous systems contain many fewer nerve cells than those of even the tiniest vertebrates …

Escape from a predator is clearly one of the most dramatic episodes in an animal's life, and
successful escape depends in large measure on the efficiency of the synaptic mechanisms …