Microglia are tissue-resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS). In the CNS,
microglia play an important role in the monitoring and intervention of synaptic and neuron …

Major depression is a highly prevalent condition, affecting approximately 10% of the
population. 1 It is also a growing global problem, 2 and has been consistently associated …

The present review assesses the current state of literature defining integrative autonomic-
immune physiological processing, focusing on studies that have employed …

In heart failure, it has been recognized that the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is
activated and the imbalance of the activity of the SNS and vagal activity interaction occurs …

Background: The blood–brain barrier acts as a highly regulated interface; its dysfunction
may exacerbate, and perhaps initiate, neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders …

Patients with chronic heart failure (HF) are characterized by systemic inflammation, as
evident by raised circulating levels of several inflammatory cytokines with increasing levels …

Myocardial infarction (MI) in rats is accompanied by apoptosis in the limbic system and a
behavioural syndrome similar to models of depression. We have already shown that …

Certain cytokines, the prototype being the highly pleiotropic TNF, have many homeostatic
physiological roles, are involved in innate immunity, and cause inflammation when in …

Inflammation can be created by several different causes, including a blood clot, an immune
system disorder, a cancer, an infection, a chemical exposure, a physical injury, or a …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious medical and social problem worldwide. Because of
the complex pathophysiological mechanisms of TBI, effective pharmacotherapy is still …