The ecological function of secondary metabolites in plant defence against herbivores is well
established, but their role in plant–pollinator interactions is less obvious. Nectar is the major …

1. Moths (L epidoptera) are the major nocturnal pollinators of flowers. However, their
importance and contribution to the provision of pollination ecosystem services may have …

The evolution of flowering plants has undoubtedly been influenced by a pollinator's ability to
learn to associate floral signals with food. Here, we address the question of 'why'flowers …

Abstract Heliothine moths (Lepidoptera: Heliothinae) include some of the world's most
devastating pest species. Whereas the majority of nonpest heliothinae specialize on a single …

Microplastics and nanoplastics (MNPs) contamination is an emerging environmental and
public health concern, and these particles have been reported both in aquatic and terrestrial …

Red flower color has arisen multiple times and is generally associated with hummingbird
pollination. The majority of evolutionary transitions to red color proceeded from purple …

Flowering plants employ a wide variety of signals, including scent, to attract the attention of
pollinators. In this study we investigated the role of floral scent in mediating differential …

Background Differences in floral traits, such as petal color, scent, morphology, or nectar
quality and quantity, can lead to specific interactions with pollinators and may thereby cause …

Fragrance is a putatively important character in the evolution of flowering plants, but natural
selection on scent is rarely studied and thus poorly understood. We characterized floral …

Wandering albatrosses (Diomedea exulans) forage over thousands of square kilometers of
open ocean for patchily distributed live prey and carrion. These birds have large olfactory …