Perching at speed is among the most demanding flight behaviours that birds perform, and is
beyond the capability of most autonomous vehicles. Smaller birds may touch down by …

Vertebrates employ an impressive range of strategies for coordinating their limb movements
while walking. Although this gait variation has been quantified and hypotheses for its origins …

Despite the high mechanical demands associated with climbing, the ability to ascend
vertically has evolved independently in most major animal lineages. However, little is known …

A relationship exists between mechanical loading and bone morphology. Although studies
show a relationship between trabecular bone morphology and locomotor strategy in …

Climbing represents a critical behavior in the context of primate evolution. However,
anatomically modern human populations are considered ill-suited for climbing. This …

The biomechanical demands of arboreal locomotion are generally thought to necessitate
specialized kinetic and kinematic gait characteristics. While such data have been widely …

Living sloths exhibit numerous anatomical specializations towards inverted quadrupedalism,
however, previous studies have noted a more varied locomotor repertoire than previously …

Arboreal mammals have evolved a range of biomechanical adaptations that allow them to
navigate trees effectively. One such feature that has received considerable attention is the …

Modern tree sloths are one of few mammalian taxa for which quadrupedal suspension is
obligatory. Sloth limb musculature is specialized for slow velocity, large force contractions …

Therian mammals are known to move their forelimbs in a parasagittal plane, retracting the
mobilised scapula during stance phase. Non-cursorial therian mammals often abduct the …