Allostasis, or stability through change, has most often been linked with challenges to
homeostasis, in which repeated challenges or stressors produce sufficient allostatic load to …

Compulsive drug seeking that is associated with addiction is hypothesized to follow a
heuristic framework that involves three stages (binge/intoxication, withdrawal/negative affect …

Emotions are “feeling” states and classic physiological emotive responses that are
interpreted based on the history of the organism and the context. Motivation is a persistent …

The NOP receptor (nociceptin/orphanin FQ opioid peptide receptor) is the most recently
discovered member of the opioid receptor family and, together with its endogenous ligand …

Alcohol consumption is an integral part of daily life in many societies. The benefits
associated with the production, sale, and use of alcoholic beverages come at an enormous …

Stress is commonly regarded as an important trigger for relapse and a significant factor that
promotes increased motivation to drink in some individuals. However, the relationship …

Decades of research advances have established a central role for endogenous opioid
systems in regulating reward processing, mood, motivation, learning and memory …

Identification of the enigmatic nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide (N/OFQ) in 1995 represented
the first successful use of reverse pharmacology and led to deorphanization of the N/OFQ …

This paper is the 28th consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning
the endogenous opioid system, now spanning over a quarter-century of research. It …

Abstract Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) is a 17 amino acid peptide that was deorphanized
in 1995. The generation of specific agonists, antagonists and receptor deficient mice and …