Brain fluids are rigidly regulated to provide stable environments for neuronal function, eg,
low K+, Ca 2+, and protein to optimise signalling and minimise neurotoxicity. At the same …

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and deadliest of the primary brain tumors,
characterized by malignant growth, invasion into the brain parenchyma, and resistance to …

Neuroimaging plays an ever evolving role in the diagnosis, treatment planning, and post-
therapy assessment of brain tumors. This review provides an overview of current magnetic …

Astrocytes are specialized glial cells that outnumber neurons by over fivefold. They
contiguously tile the entire central nervous system (CNS) and exert many essential complex …

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a term used to describe a series of properties possessed
by the vasculature of the central nervous system (CNS) that tightly regulate the movement of …

Brain edema is a potentially fatal pathological state that occurs after brain injuries such as
stroke and head trauma. In the edematous brain, excess accumulation of extracellular fluid …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death in the young age group and leads to
persisting neurological impairment in many of its victims. It may result in permanent …

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) constitutes a neurovascular unit formed by microvascular
endothelial cells, pericytes, and astrocytes. Brain pericytes are important regulators of BBB …

Attenuating blood–brain barrier permeability has become a promising approach to
managing brain edema and associated swelling given that increases in cranial water …

Reactive astrogliosis has long been recognized as a ubiquitous feature of CNS pathologies.
Although its roles in CNS pathology are only beginning to be defined, genetic tools are …