CLC anion transporters are found in all phyla and form a gene family of eight members in
mammals. Two CLC proteins, each of which completely contains an ion translocation …

ABSTRACT CLC genes are expressed in species from bacteria to human and encode Cl−-
channels or Cl−/H+-exchangers. CLC proteins assemble to dimers, with each monomer …

Missense and truncating variants in the X-chromosome-linked CLCN4 gene, resulting in
reduced or complete loss-of-function (LOF) of the encoded chloride/proton exchanger ClC-4 …

Controlled chloride movement across membranes is essential for a variety of physiological
processes ranging from salt homeostasis in the kidneys to acidification of cellular …

The CLC-family protein CLC-ec1, a bacterial homologue of known structure,
stoichiometrically exchanges two Cl− for one H+ via an unknown membrane transport …

CLC-0 and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) Cl− channels play
important roles in Cl− transport across cell membranes. These two proteins belong to …

Since their serendipitous discovery the CLC family of Cl− transporting proteins has been a
never ending source of surprises. From their double‐barrelled architecture to their complex …

The volume‐regulated anion channel (VRAC) is formed by LRRC8 subunits. Besides their
role in the maintenance of cell homeostasis, VRACs are critically involved in oxidative stress …

Chloride-transporting proteins play fundamental roles in many tissues in the plasma
membrane as well as in intracellular membranes. They have received increasing attention in …

Ion channels have historically been viewed as distinct from secondary active transporters.
However, the recent discovery that the CLC'chloride channel'family is made up of both …