Background Recruitment and retention of participants are both critical for the success of
trials, yet both remain significant problems. The use of incentives to target participants and …

Despite growing adoption of pay‐for‐performance (P4P) programmes in health care, there is
remarkably little evidence on the cost‐effectiveness of such schemes. We review the limited …

We analyse the effect of competition on quality in hospital markets with regulated prices,
considering the effect of both introducing competition (monopoly versus competition) and …

Firms in markets such as health care and education are often profit constrained due to
regulation or their non-profit status, and they are often viewed as being altruistic towards …

In recent years, the performance-based approach to contracting for medical services has
been gaining popularity across different healthcare delivery systems, both in the United …

Many publicly funded health systems use activity‐based financing to increase hospital
production and efficiency. The aim of this study is to investigate whether price changes for …

Many countries have opened their health care markets to private for-profit providers, aiming
to promote quality and choice for patients. The prices are regulated and providers compete …

Pay for performance (P4P) incentives for physicians are generally designed as additional
payments that can be paired with any existing payment mechanism such as a salary, fee‐for …

Abstract Pay-for-performance (P4P) has been widely applied in OECD countries to improve
the quality of both primary and secondary care, and is increasingly being implemented in …

Background There is increasing awareness among researchers and policymakers of the
potential for healthcare interventions to have consequences beyond those initially intended …