Highlights•Alternative bone regenerative therapeutics are needed.•Ions have been
proposed to regenerate skeletal tissue.•Drug delivery systems have been studied to deliver …

The treatment of bone defects is an important problem in clinical practice. The rapid
development of bone tissue engineering (BTE) may provide a new method for bone defect …

Benefits achieved by the biodegradable magnesium (Mg) and zinc (Zn) implants could be
suppressed due to the invasion of infectious microbial, common bacteria, and fungi …

Mg alloys are biodegradable metals widely used in orthopedic and cardiovascular
applications because Mg ions are essential trace elements known to induce angiogenesis …

In recent years, bone regeneration has emerged as a remarkable field that offers promising
guidance for treating bone-related diseases, such as bone defects, bone infections, and …

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by complex interactions between the
host immune system and pathogens that affect the integrity of periodontium. To prevent …

Periodontitis is a biofilm‐induced, host‐mediated inflammatory disease that results in
periodontal tissue destruction. The design of functional biomaterials based on disease …

In the last few decades, microspheres and microsphere-based scaffolds have demonstrated
great potential in translational medicine. Various materials, including natural polymers …

The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is crucial in animal development from sponges to
humans. Its activity in the adulthood is less general, with exceptions having huge medical …

By virtue of its excellent bioactivity and osteoconductivity, calcium phosphate cement (CPC)
has been applied extensively in bone engineering. Doping a trace element into CPC can …