Breathing plays a crucial role in shaping perceptual and cognitive processes by regulating
the strength and synchronisation of neural oscillations. Numerous studies have …

The sensation that develops as a long breath hold continues is what this article is about. We
term this sensation of an urge to breathe 'air hunger'. Air hunger, a primal sensation, alerts …

Theoretical frameworks such as predictive coding suggest that the perception of the body
and world–interoception and exteroception–involve intertwined processes of inference …

Respiratory rhythms sustain biological life, governing the homeostatic exchange of oxygen
and carbon dioxide. Until recently, however, the influence of breathing on the brain has …

Breathing is peculiar among autonomic functions through several characteristics. It
generates a very rich afferent traffic from an array of structures belonging to the respiratory …

This statement outlines a review of the literature and current practice concerning the
prevalence, clinical significance, diagnosis and management of dyspnoea in critically ill …

The phenomenological method (or rather, methods) has been fruitfully used to study the
experience of illness in recent years. However, the role of illness is not merely that of a …

A person's expectations and mood are major contributors to the function of the brain
networks that generate perceptions of breathlessness. Breathlessness, therefore, arises …

Chronic breathlessness is a disabling and distressing condition for which there is a growing
evidence base for a range of interventions. Non-pharmacological interventions are the …

The mechanism of symptom amplification, developed in the study of somatization, may be
helpful in caring for patients with symptoms that, while they have a demonstrable medical …