Tumor cells do not exist in isolation in vivo, and carcinogenesis depends on the surrounding
tumor microenvironment (TME), composed of a myriad of cell types and biophysical and …

Cancers are not composed merely of cancer cells alone; instead, they are complex
'ecosystems' comprising many different cell types and noncellular factors. The tumour stroma …

Tumor cells reside in a highly complex and heterogeneous tumor microenvironment (TME),
which is composed of a myriad of genetically stable non-cancer cells, including fibroblasts …

Neoplasms change over time through a process of cell-level evolution, driven by genetic
and epigenetic alterations. However, the ecology of the microenvironment of a neoplastic …

The extensive research of graphene and its derivatives in biomedical applications during the
past few years has witnessed its significance in the field of nanomedicine. Starting from …

Metastases remain the leading cause of cancer-related mortality. The oligometastasis
hypothesis postulates that a spectrum of metastatic spread exists and that some patients …

Cancer led to the deaths of more than 9 million people worldwide in 2018, and most of these
deaths were due to metastatic tumor burden. While in most cases, we still do not know why …

Cell cooperation promotes many of the hallmarks of cancer via the secretion of diffusible
factors that can affect cancer cells or stromal cells in the tumour microenvironment. This …

We present a unifying theory to explain cancer recurrence, therapeutic resistance, and
lethality. The basis of this theory is the formation of simultaneously polyploid and aneuploid …

Anabolic metabolism mediated by aberrant growth factor signalling fuels tumour growth and
progression. The first biochemical descriptions of the altered metabolic nature of solid …