This review identifies the most likely causes of home advantage. The results of previous
studies have identified 4 factors thought to be responsible for the home advantage. These …

This paper surveys the empirical literature on the behavior of referees in professional
football and other sports. Referees are typically appointed by a principal to be impartial …

The present paper investigates factors contributing to the home advantage, by using the
exceptional opportunity to study professional football matches played in the absence of …

This paper examines the relation between crowd support and home advantage in men's
professional football in making use of a unique “natural experiment” induced by restrictions …

Sports, and the fans that follow them, are everywhere. Sport Fans: The Psychology and
Social Impact of Fandom examines the affective, behavioral, and cognitive reactions of fans …

Academic interest in the economics of professional team sports dates back as far as the mid-
1950s. Since then, many books and journal articles have been written on the subject. Much …

Objective. The existence of the home advantage in sport is well known. There is growing
evidence that crowd noise plays a crucial part in this phenomenon. Consequently, a …

Officiating bias is thought to contribute to home advantage. Recent research has shown that
sports with subjective officiating tend to experience greater home advantage and that …

This meta‐analysis examined the home‐field advantage in athletics, with an emphasis on
potential moderators. The goal of this research was to quantify the probability of a home …

We study the behavior of football (soccer) referees in the German Bundesliga. Referees are
requested to act as impartial agents. However, they may allocate benefits and rewards in a …