The perpetuation of symbioses through host generations relies on symbiont transmission.
Horizontally transmitted symbionts are taken up from the environment anew by each host …

Chemosynthetic symbioses between bacteria and marine invertebrates were discovered 30
years ago at hydrothermal vents on the Galapagos Rift. Remarkably, it took the discovery of …

Cold seeps occur in geologically active and passive continental margins, where pore waters
enriched in methane are forced upward through the sediments by pressure gradients. The …

Hydrocarbon seeps and hydrothermal vents are now known to be common at continental
margins and oceanic spreading centers worldwide, exuding fluids rich in CH4 and H2S, and …

Hydrothermal vent communities from 76 areas lying at depths from 0 to 4100 m were split
into two groups—“deep” and “shallow-water”, based on the occurrence of vent obligate …

Much of what we know about speciation comes from detailed studies of well‐known model
systems. Although there have been several important syntheses on speciation, few (if any) …

Bathymetric biodiversity patterns of marine benthic invertebrates and demersal fishes have
been identified in the extant fauna of the deep continental margins. Depth zonation is …

Although the remarkable chemosymbiosis between bivalve molluscs and sulphide-and
methane-oxidizing bacteria was originally recognized in a few species of spectacular, large …

Relationships among fluid flow, sulfide concentration, sulfur bacteria and macrofaunal
assemblages were examined at methane seeps on the northern California margin, near the …

A new molecular phylogeny is presented for the highly diverse, bivalve molluscan subclass
Heterodonta. The study, the most comprehensive for heterodonts to date, used new …