Stress of aquatic animals occurs due to physical and physiological disturbances in the
aquatic environment or system when transportation, crowding, handling or changes of …

The concept that non-respiratory gases, such as nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO)
and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) functioned as signaling moieties is a relatively recent …

The gills and heart are two major targets of hypoxia in fish. However, the molecular
responses in fish gills and heart to hypoxia challenge remain unclear. Here, RNA-Seq …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important cellular signalling molecules but sudden
changes in redox balance can be deleterious to cells and lethal to the whole organism. ROS …

The use of unconventional model organisms is significantly increasing in different fields of
research, widely contributing to advance life sciences understanding. Among fishes, the …

The nitrate threshold concentration in rearing water of African catfish (C larias gariepinus)
was assessed. Female African catfish with an initial mean (SD) weight of 154.3 (7.5) g were …

Among vertebrates able to tolerate periods of oxygen deprivation, the painted and red-eared
slider turtles (Chrysemys picta and Trachemys scripta) and the crucian carp (Carassius …

As the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, oxygen is vital to produce ATP
in the process of oxidative phosphorylation. In most vertebrates, the absence of oxygen …

Hypoxic environments pose a severe challenge to vertebrates and even short periods of
oxygen deprivation are often lethal as they constrain aerobic ATP production. However, a …

The mitochondrion plays a critical role in the development of Oxygen (O 2)-related diseases.
While research has predominantly focused on hypoxia-sensitive mammals as surrogates for …