Involuntary movements, or dyskinesia, represent a debilitating complication of levodopa (L-
dopa) therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD). L-dopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) are ultimately …

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway plays a critical role in
regulating cell growth, proliferation, and life span. mTOR signaling is a central regulator of …

People with late-stage Parkinson's disease (PD) often suffer from debilitating locomotor
deficits that are resistant to currently available therapies. To alleviate these deficits, we …

In Parkinson's disease, synucleinopathy is hypothesized to spread from the enteric nervous
system, via the vagus nerve, to the CNS. Here, we compare, in baboon monkeys, the …

Abstract Development of biased ligands targeting G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is a
promising approach for current drug discovery. Although structure-based drug design of …

Small molecule neurotensin receptor 1 (NTSR1) agonists have been pursued for more than
40 years as potential therapeutics for psychiatric disorders, including drug addiction. Clinical …

Biogenic amines are a collection of endogenous molecules that play pivotal roles as
neurotransmitters and hormones. In addition to the “classical” biogenic amines resulting …

The dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) is a Gαs/olf-coupled GPCR that is expressed in the
midbrain and forebrain, regulating motor behavior, reward, motivational states, and cognitive …

Parkinson's disease (PD) remains one of the most common neurodegenerative movement
disorders with limited treatment options available. A dopamine derivative N-3, 4-bis …

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) refers to a family of simple phospholipids that act as ligands for
G protein-coupled receptors. While LPA exerts effects throughout the body in normal …