Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the deadliest types of cancer and highly refractory to
chemoradiation and immunotherapy. One of the main reasons for this resistance to therapy …

Chemokines are a class of small cytokines or signaling proteins that are secreted by cells.
Owing to their ability to induce directional chemotaxis of nearby responding cells, they are …

Background Aggressive primary brain tumors such as glioblastoma are uniquely
challenging to treat. The intracranial location poses barriers to therapy, and the potential for …

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain tumor associated with limited therapeutic
options and a poor prognosis. CXCR3, a chemokine receptor, serves dual autocrine …

An apparent paradox exists between the evidence for spontaneous systemic T cell-mediated
anti-tumor immune responses in cancer patients, observed particularly in their bone marrow …

Angiogenic growth factors (AGFs) are a class of secreted cytokines related to angiogenesis
that mainly include vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs), stromal-derived factor-1 …

The mammalian central nervous system (CNS) contains a vibrant community of resident
adaptive immune cells at homeostasis. Among these are memory CD8+ and CD4+ T cells …

The acidic metabolic byproducts within the tumor microenvironment (TME) hinder T cell
effector functions. However, their effects on T cell infiltration remain largely unexplored …

Despite enormous efforts being invested in the development of novel therapies for brain
malignancies, there remains a dire need for effective treatments, particularly for pediatric …

Chemokines and their receptors form a complex interaction network, crucial for precise
leukocyte positioning and trafficking. In cancer, they promote malignant cell proliferation and …