The course of tree growth, especially the level and persistence until advanced age, indicates
the competitivenes and fitness of trees and determines stand structure and dynamics. The …

Forests cover about one-third of Europe's surface and their growth is essential for climate
protection through carbon sequestration and many other economic, environmental, and …

Extreme droughts are expected to increase in frequency and severity in many regions of the
world, threatening multiple ecosystem services provided by forests. Effective strategies to …

Aim Forest ecosystems around the globe are facing increasing natural and human
disturbances. Increasing disturbances can challenge forest resilience, that is, the capacity of …

Process-based models and empirical modelling techniques are frequently used to (i)
explore the sensitivity of tree growth to environmental variables, and (ii) predict the future …

Recent observations of tree regeneration failures following large and severe disturbances,
particularly under warm and dry conditions, have raised concerns about the resilience of …

Background Retention forestry is a management strategy aiming to mitigate biodiversity loss
by retaining structural elements such as dead trees that would otherwise be removed. Here …

In this chapter, we review the current long-term growth trends and shortterm growth reaction
to single or repeated stress events on tree and stand level in Europe. Based on growth trend …

Recent studies show that several tree species are spreading to higher latitudes and
elevations due to climate change. European beech, presently dominating from the colline to …

Forests globally are experiencing severe droughts, leading to significant reductions in
growth, crown dieback and even tree mortality. The ability of forest ecosystems to acclimate …