Animal behavior is shaped by a variety of" internal states"—partially hidden variables that
profoundly shape perception, cognition, and action. The neural basis of internal states, such …

Biologically active environmental pollutants have significant impact on ecosystems, wildlife,
and human health. Microplastic (MP) and nanoplastic (NP) particles are pollutants that are …

Living systems operate far from thermal equilibrium by converting the chemical potential of
ATP into mechanical work to achieve growth, replication, or locomotion. Given time series …

Changes in an animal's behavior and internal state are accompanied by widespread
changes in activity across its brain. However, how neurons across the brain encode …

The neuromodulator dopamine (DA) is essential for regulating learning, motivation, and
movement. Despite its importance, however, the mechanisms by which DA influences the …

Serotonin influences many aspects of animal behavior. But how serotonin acts on its diverse
receptors across the brain to modulate global activity and behavior is unknown. Here, we …

Aging animals display a broad range of progressive degenerative changes, and one of the
most fascinating is the decline of female reproductive function. In the model organism …

Microbes are ubiquitous in the natural environment of Caenorhabditis elegans. Bacteria
serve as a food source for C. elegans but may also cause infection in the nematode host …

Recent advances in high-resolution imaging techniques and particle-based simulation
methods have enabled the precise microscopic characterization of collective dynamics in …

A hallmark of adaptive behavior is the ability to flexibly respond to sensory cues. To
understand how neural circuits implement this flexibility, it is critical to resolve how a static …