Teleost fish possess an adaptive immune system associated with each of their mucosal
body surfaces. Evidence obtained from mucosal vaccination and mucosal infection studies …

Fish is considered to be an important model in comparative immunology studies because it
is a representative population of lower vertebrates serving as an essential link to early …

Innate immunity constitutes the first line of the host defense after pathogen invasion. Viruses
trigger the expression of interferons (IFNs). These master antiviral cytokines induce in turn a …

Global fish production from aquaculture has rapidly grown over the past decades, and grass
carp shares the largest portion. However, hemorrhagic disease caused by grass carp …

Retinoic acid‐inducible gene I (RIG‐I)‐like receptors (RLR s) are found conservatively
present in teleost fish. All three members, RIG‐I, MDA 5 and LGP 2, together with the …

In the past decades, global freshwater fish production has been rapidly growing, while
cyprinid takes the largest portion. Along with the rapid rise of novel forms of intensive …

During the past decade, huge progress has been made in research into teleost PAMPs
(pathogen-associated molecule patterns) recognition receptors (PRRs). Numerous fish PRR …

Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) hemorrhagic disease (GCHD), caused by grass
carp reovirus (GCRV), has given rise to an enormous loss in grass carp industry during the …

One of the most powerful innate immune responses against viruses is mediated by type I
IFN. In teleost fish, it is known that virus infection triggers the expression of ifn and many IFN …

Vertebrates including teleost fish have evolved an array of pathogen recognition receptors
(PRRs) for detecting and responding to various pathogen-associated molecular patterns …