Introduction: An extraordinarily diverse range of animals have evolved venoms for predation,
defence, or competitor deterrence. The major components of most venoms are peptides and …

Peptide therapeutics are acclaimed as a promising addition to the pharmaceutical arena,
and they continue to attract interest due to their high potency, bioavailability, and fewer …

Functionalized proline residues have diverse applications. Herein we describe a practical
approach, proline editing, for the synthesis of peptides with stereospecifically modified …

Disulfide-rich peptides are the dominant component of most animal venoms. These peptides
have received much attention as leads for the development of novel therapeutic agents and …

Poor oral availability and susceptibility to reduction and protease degradation is a major
hurdle in peptide drug development. However, drugable receptors in the gut present an …

Pest insect species are a burden to humans as they destroy crops and serve as vectors for a
wide range of diseases including malaria and dengue. Chemical insecticides are currently …

Highlights•Selenocysteine endows proteins with novel redox properties.•New recombinant
and chemical methods are facilitating selenoprotein production.•Many natural …

Disulfide bonds play an important role in both proteins and peptides. They cause
conformational constraints and increase the stability of such molecules. In nature, disulfide …

Oxidation of cysteine thiols to disulfides is a widespread posttranslational modification of
exported proteins, including many of pharmaceutical interest. For disulfide-rich proteins …

Insulin analogues, mainstays in the modern treatment of diabetes mellitus, exemplify the
utility of protein engineering in molecular pharmacology. Whereas chemical syntheses of the …