Hydroponic cultivation is a promising alternative that could address environmental and food
issues. Hydroponic cultivation allows farmers to reduce the amount of fertilizers and water …

Inappropriate fertilisation results in the pollution of groundwater with nitrates and
phosphates, eutrophication in surface water, emission of greenhouse gasses, and unwanted …

Improving the sustainability in agriculture is nowadays an important challenge. The
automation of irrigation processes via low-cost sensors can to spread technological …

Hydroponic solutions used in greenhouses or plant factories are usually evaluated based on
their electrical conductivity (EC) and pH. However, EC and pH cannot provide sufficient …

So far, several enzyme-based electrochemical biosensors have been developed for nitrate
concentration determination. Generally, nitrate measurement in these methods is based on …

Fertilization is paramount for agriculture productivity and food security. Plant nutrition pre-
established recipes and nutrient uptake are rarely managed by changing the fertilizer …

In closed hydroponics, fast and continuous measurement of individual nutrient
concentrations is necessary to improve water-and nutrient-use efficiencies and crop …

The chemical and thermal stability of zeolitic framework (ZIFs), in addition to the tunability of
their functional groups renders them ideal candidates for water treatment applications. With …

Phosphate is a key element affecting plant growth. Therefore, the accurate determination of
phosphate concentration in hydroponic nutrient solutions is essential for providing a …

In agricultural contexts, the demand for continuous and precise measurement of multiple
ions is crucial. While arrays of solid-contact ion-selective electrodes (SCEs) have been …