This paper is the 28th consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning
the endogenous opioid system, now spanning over a quarter-century of research. It …

Ascorbic acid (AA) is a water-soluble vitamin (C) found in all bodily organs. Most mammals
synthesize it, humans are required to eat it, but all mammals need it for healthy functioning …

The motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) are preceded by non-motorized symptoms
including memory deficits. Treatment with dopamine replacement medications, such as L …

Abstract Aims Gabapentin (Gap) relieves neuropathic pain, but it has several adverse effects
as well. We aimed to investigate whether vitamin C (VitC) supplementation would reduce the …

Background Crocin is considered to prevent oxidative stress-related diseases, such as
ischemia and Alzheimer's. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the effects of …

The effects of captopril and Ang II on morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP)
and morphine self-administration in male Wistar rat were investigated. In CPP experiment …

The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is a part of brain reward system involved in higher
cognitive functions such as learning and memory. The mPFC receives strong dopaminergic …

Opioid addiction is critically dependent on the activation of N‑methyl‑D‑aspartate (NMDA)
receptors, which are widely found in the mesocorticolimbic system. Meanwhile, opioid …

Drug addiction is a chronic disorder characterized by compulsive drug-seeking behavior
despite severe negative consequences. Most abused drugs increase dopamine release in …

The dopaminergic mesolimbic system is considered to be crucial in rewarding actions of
opiates. Recent studies have suggested probable interaction between the renin …